Certificate of Exit issued to a Rumanian Jew (Emilia Nathan) for passage to the State of Israel.

(ROMANIA).

April

Bucharest

1964

Printed page with manuscript entries. Text in Romanian, Russian and French. Verso with a multitude of visas issued by Hungary, Austria, Italy and Israel.

Through much of the period of Communist rule, Romania allowed limited numbers of Jews to emigrate to Israel, in exchange for much-needed Israeli economic aid. By 1965, Israel was funding agricultural and industrial projects throughout Romania, and in exchange, Romania allowed limited numbers of Jews to emigrate to Israel. When Nicolae Ceausescu came to power in 1965, he initially ended the trade in deference to the Eastern bloc’s Arab allies. However, by 1969, he decided to reinstate emigration of Jews but only in direct exchange of hard cash.