Francesco IV. Duca di Modena…Arciduca d’Austria, e Principe Reale d’Ungheria, e di Boemia [Proclamation by Francis IV, Arch-Duke of Austro-Hungarian Empire concerning the Jews of Modena]

(ITALY)

Eredi Soliani

Modena

1816

Topped by coat-of-arms of Austro-Hungarian Empire: two eagles symbolising the Dual Monarchy. Single-leaf broadside

With the fall of Napoleon’s relatively benevolent empire in 1814, the Jews of Modena in north central Italy, once again found themselves under Austrian rule with the concomitant draconian restrictions: exclusion from public office, inability to follow certain callings such as that of apothecary, and a prohibition to hold real estate. See Cecil Roth, The History of the Jews of Italy, pp. 445-47