Atereth Zekenim ["Crown of the Elders": philosophy]. Appended short essay by Abrabanel, "Tzuroth HaYesodoth” [medieval science]

"Ish-Ger" Copy. The departure point for this slim tract is the passage in Exodus 24:9-11 which treats of the mystical vision of the Seventy Elders of Israel. Maimonides contends - as did the Midrash - that the apprehension of these Elders was improper, and that they eventually received their just punishment at Taberah. (See Guide of the Perplexed I, 5). Don Isaac Abrabanel takes umbrage, writing this tract in defense of the Elders. Hence, the title "Crown of the Elders." See recent discussions in M. Kellner, Science in the Bet Midrash: Studies in Maimonides (2009), pp. 202-3; 313, n. 82; S. Regev, "The Vision of the Nobles of Israel in the Jewish Philosophy of the Middle Ages," Jerusalem Studies in Jewish Thought 4 (1984-85): 281-302. Abraham Joseph Solomon Graziano (d. 1684), the Rabbi of Modena, was a noted halachic scholar, bibliophile and poet. See S. Baron, "Teshuvah...me-eth R. Abraham Graziano" in Studies in Memory of A.S. Freidus (1929), pp. 122-37; A. J. Karp, From the Ends of the Earth: Judaic Treasures of the Library of Congress, pp. 155-6