Constitutio de Judaeis ex uniuerso Statu Ecclesiastico expellendis Roma, Auinioone & Ancona exceptis

Infamous Papal Bull of Clement VIII, beginning with the significant phrase Caeca et Obdurata (“Blind and Obdurate”), which drove the Jews out of the minor cities of the Papal States, limiting Jewish residence to Rome, Ancona and Avignon. That same year Clement VIII issued his edict against Hebrew Books (see Pierpont Morgan Library Catalogue, Hebraica from the Valmadionna Trust (1989) appendix. Clement VIII promulgated a number of edicts of social and economic restrictions against the Jews, many remaining in force until the 19th century. See C. Roth, The Jews of Italy (1946) p.319